Calculating machine



1935- c..M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 27, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet l A TTORNE YS C. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Jan. 8, 1935.

Original'Filed Feb. 27, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 11/1/0111 I VII IIIIIIIIII III/I g R villi/In Ca 9%??? 'a" I u I Fl 0r! BY 4;, ATTORNE s Jan. 8, 1935. c, M. FRIDEN 1,986,888

GALCULAT ING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 27, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 as; /83 92 /a2 /a/ /a7 {86 F 1 IE 4= QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ IN VEN TOR Carl M I:

A TTORNE Y5 Patented Jan. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CALCULATING MACHINE Carl M. F. Friden, Oakland, Calif., assignor to Marchant Calculating Machine Company, Emeryville, Calif., a corporation of California 9 Claims.

This application is a division of my application Serial Number 539,422 filed in the Patent Oflice on February 27, 1922.

The invention relates to calculating machines provided with longitudinally displaceable carriages and relates particularly to the means for displacing the carriage longitudinally.

An object of the invention is to provide means for positively shifting the carriage in a step by step movement in either direction.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for positively locking the carriage in position against accidental displacement.

Another object of the invention is to provide means associating the carriage with the multiplier or quotient register to indicate the numerical position of the carriage.

The invention possesses other advantageous features, some of which with the foregoing will be set forth at length in the following description where I shall outline in full that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification.

In said drawings, I have shown one embodiment of my invention, but it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to such form, since the invention, as set forth in the claims, may be embodied in a plurality of forms.

Referring to said drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a calculating machine embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal, vertical section through the calculating machine, showing the carriage and the means for moving it longitudinally.

Figure 3 is an elevation, partly in section, of

r the carriage shifting mechanism.

Figure 4 is a rear view of the carriage shifting mechanism showing the means for releasing the carriage.

Figure 5 is a detail plan view showing the connection of the carriage with the multiplier index.

The invention relates to calculating machines in which the product register or accumulating mechanism is arranged on a longitudinally displaceable carriage which, for the purpose of making a direct action of the selected values on the figure discs of highest value possible, is disposed in parallel displaceable relation to the value selecting mechanism axis. The calculating machine includes an accumulating mechanism arranged on a longitudinally displaceable carriage, an accumulating mechanism actuator which, upon rotation, causes the values entered therein to become effective in operating the accumulating mechanism, means for entering the selected values into the actuator, an indicator for disclosing the values entered into the actuator, an indicator for disclosing the calculation performed or being performed and other devices for controlling the actuation of the selecting mechanism, the counting devices, the carriage and other instrumentalities. The machine contains all of the elements necessary to quickly and accurately perform the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and is fully described in my parent application, above identified. In the present illustration, the values are entered into the actuator by the depression of keys and the machine is provided with nine rows of keys 5, each row comprising nine keys numbered from 1 to 9 consecutively. The actuator, into which values are introduced by the depression of keys, comprises nine actuating wheels 35 secured to the shaft 33 and nine value selecting elements 36 loose on the shaft, 8. wheel 35 and an element 36 'being combined to form an actuator unit. The actuator is rotatable in either direction from full cycle position, by a crank handle 38 extending to the outside of the casing. On rotation of the actuator in either direction, the values entered therein are transmitted to the figure discs 72 of the accumulating mechanism which is arranged on the longitudinally movable carriage 71, which is movable to permit the action of the actuating elements on the accumulating wheels of different values. Means are provided for moving the carriage longitudinally either in a step by step movement or continuously to either end of its range of travel.

The carriage shifting mechanism is operated by movement of the lever 91, arranged at the foot of the machine, in one direction or the other depending upon the desired directionof movement of the carriage. The lever 91 is secured to a shaft 92 joumalled in the casing and having its rear end disposed below the carriage. Secured to the rear end of the shaft 92 is a lever 93 having a slot 94 therein which engages a pin 95 on the slide 96 supported in the frame 97. The carriage is mounted on said frame and is provided on its under surface with a plurality of spaced depressions 98 having a spacing equal to the spacing of the numeral discs of the accumulating mechanism.

Mounted in the frame 97 and slidable vertically therein are two upwardly spring pressed dogs 171 and 172 having bevelled upper ends adapted to engage against the sides of the depressions or apertures 98 on the under side of the carriage. The dog 1'71 bears against the left side wall of a depression, preventing movement of the carriage to the right and the dog 1'72 bears against the right side wall of another depression, preventing movement of the carriage to the left. The carriage is thus normally locked in position against longitudinal movement and due to the use of two dogs, has no side play. Arranged on each dog is a roller 1'73 which is engaged by a pivoted dog to depress the latch. Pivoted on the slide 96, adjacent each dog, is a dog 1'74, which is prevented from moving backward, away from the roller 173 by a stop 1'75 on the slide. When the slide is moved to move the dog 174 toward'the roller, the lower flat inclined surface 176 of the dog 1'74, rides over the roller, forcing it and its associated sliding dog downward out of contact with the carriage. Pivoted to the slide 96 on the same axis as the dog 174, is a pawl 176, which, when released, is forced upward by the spring 177 interposed between the pawl and the dog 1'74. The pawl extends through an aperture or elongated slot 1'78 in the top plate 1'79 of the frame 9'7 and is normally held out of engagement with the carriage, by contact with the end of the slot. The slot 1'78 is provided with bevelled ends against which the pawl 1'76 lies, the angle of the bevel corresponding to the slope of the upper surface of the contacting pawl, when the pawl is in normal position as shown in Figure 3. Due to the bevel, the length of the slot on the upper surface of the plate 1'79 is less than its length on the under face. The length of the slot on the upper face is equal to the distance between the adjacent ends of the pawls 1'76 when the pawls are in normal position. When the slide 96 is moved toward the left, the right hand dog 1'74 depresses the dog 1'72, releasing the'carriage so that it may be moved toward the left. Simultaneously, the right hand pawl 1'76 moves upward into the next depression in the carriage and continued movement of the slide to the left causes the right hand pawl 1'76 to move the carriage to the left. As the carriage is moving to the left and before it reaches the end of its throw, the right hand dog 1'74 passes from the roller 1'73, permitting the dog 1'72 to spring upward into the next depression in the slide, to the right of the depression from which it was withdrawn, so that the dog is in position to stop the movement of the carriage at the endof its step of movement. On movement of the carriage to the left, the dog 171 is depressed by engagement of the side of the depression with the bevelled side of the dog and springs into the next depression after the carriage has been moved one step. As the slide moves back to its central or neutral position, the right hand dog 1'74 snaps over the roller 1'73 to its normal position against the stop 1'75. Associated with the dog 1'71 is a corresponding dog 174 and latch 1'76, together with the other elements which function as indicated above for movement of thecarriage to the right.

Means are provided for returning the slide 96 and the lever 91 to neutral or central position, after the movement of the slide one step in either direction. Supported in the frame 97, below the slide 96 is a rod 181 which extends through an aperture in an car 182 on the lower side of the slide at substantially the center thereof. Disposed on the rod 181 at each side of the ear 182 is a washer 183 provided with a stud or projection 184, the projections seating in the alined slots 185 and 185' respectively in the frame 9'7, the slots being of such length that when the studs are positioned at the adjacent ends of the two slots, the ear is held in central or neutral position. Arranged on each end of the rods, between the washer 183 and the abutment 186 through which the rod passes, is a normally inactive spring 187 which tends to hold the washer at the end of the slot. The springs tend to return the slide to neutral or central position, after it has been moved in either direction by the lever '91. Movement ofthe slide in .either direction, compresses the spring on the side toward which the slide is moved, but does not in any manner vary the compression of the other spring, which remains inactive. The slide is thus centered after each movement of the carriage.

Means are also provided for simultaneously releasing or depressing both dogs 1'71 and 172, so that the carriage may be freely moved by hand. Each dog is provided with a pin 188, (Fig. 4) extending through a slot in the rear wall 189 of the frame in which the slide is mounted. Arranged on the rear end of the wall 189 is a slide 191 which is movable longitudinally by pressure on the spring pressed button 192 projecting from the casing. The slide 191 is provided on its under surface with two inclined faces 193 which bear against the pin 188. Movement of the slide causes movement of the inclined surfaces over the pin causing depression of the dog and the release of the carriage. Means are provided for preventing longitudinal movement of the carriage from any step position when the actuator 3 is out of full cycle position and for preventing rotation of the actuator from full cycle position when the carriage is out of step position. Secured to the shaft 201 to which the gear 132 is secured and which rotates synchronously with the actuator, is a disc 202 having a notch 203 therein the sides of which form abutment stops to prevent rotation of the actuator when an abutment is disposed in the notch. When the actuator is in full cycle position, the notch lies in the position shown in Figure 2. Secured to the back plate of the carriage is a rack or slotted abutment member 204 which cooperates with the disc 202. The slots 205 in the rack are spaced apart the distance of one carriage step and when the carriage is in step position, one of the slots 205 is alined with the disc, permitting rotation of the disc. When the carriage is out of step position an unslotted portion of the rack lies in the notch in the disc, preventing rotation of the disc. Conversely, when the disc is moved from full cycle position, the unnotched portion of the periphery thereof lies in the slot 205, preventing longitudinal movement of the carriage.

The machine is provided with a counting mechanism for indicating the third factor of the calculation such as the multiplier in multiplying and the numeral wheels of this mechanism are visible through the windows 102 in the casing. The actuator'for the figure discs of this counting mechanism is movable longitudinally into cooperative position with the desired figure disc, by the longitudinal movement of the carriage, so that the values entered into the counting mechanism are of the same denomination as the values entered into the counting mechanism mounted on the carriage. The machine is provided with an indicator, for indicating which numeral wheels of this counting mechanism is associated with the actuating means therefor. This means comprising an indicator 112 which extends a rod 113 which is provided on its end with a rack 114 which meshes with a gear 115, which in turn, is in mesh with a rack 116 on the carriage. Movement of the carriage is therefore accompanied by movement of the indicator 112 and this indicator moves in the opposite direction to the carriage so that the denominations on the figure discs of. the counter visible through the window 102, progress in increasing value from right to left, as they do in all numbers. Thus, when the carriage is in its extreme left position, in which the value entered by depression of a key in the first key section on the right, is entered into the accumulator on the carriage as a unit, the indicator is at its extreme right position, that is at the units wheel of thecounter. When the carriage is moved one step to the right from its extreme left position, the value entered by the depression of a key in the first key section on the right, is entered into the accumulator on the carriage in tens and the indicator is positioned at thetens wheel of the counter.

I claim: 7

1. In a calculating machine, a longitudinally movable carriage, a longitudinally movable slide movable in either direction from neutral position arranged below the carriage, a pair of oppositely inclined spring pressed dogs mounted on said slide and adapted to singly engage the carriage on movement of the slide in either direction, a pair of latches one holding the carriage against movement to the right and the other holding the carriage against movement to the left, and means actuated by movement of the slide in one direction for disengaging from the carriage, the latch which prevents movement in said direction.'

2. In a calculating machine, a longitudinally movable carriage provided on its under surface with a series of spaced recesses, a pair of latches having oppositely bevelled upper ends engaging in two spaced recesses, said latches respectively preventing movement of the carriage in opposite directions, a slide, dogs carried by said slide and arranged to engage said recesses to move the carriage in either direction and means operated by the movement ofthe slide for momentarily moving the holding latch from engagement with the carriage which normally prevents movement of the carriage in the direction of movement of the slide.

3. In a calculating machine, a longitudinally movable carriage provided on its under surface with a series of spaced recesses, a spring pressed latch engaging in one of said recesses and preventing movement of the carriage to the left, a dog arranged to be moved to the left and into engagement with one of said recesses to move the carriage to the left, a slide on which said dog is mounted, a rocking arm engaging said slide, means for rocking said arm, and means operated by the movement of the slide for withdrawing the latch from its recess and by the carriage moving movement of the slide for releasing the latch to permit it to move into engagement with another recess.

4. In a calculating machine, a longitudinally movable carriage, a slide arranged below the carriage movable to either side of its neutral position, pivoted dogs on said slide arranged to singly engage said carriage on movement of the slide in opposite directions from neutral position, a projection on said slide, springs arranged on opposite sides of the projection to return the slide to neutral position and means for preventing either of said springs from moving the slide past neutral position.

5. In a calculating machine, a longitudinally movable carriage provided on its under surface with a series of spaced recesses, a pair of spring pressed latches having oppositely bevelled upper ends engaging in two of said recesses, each holding the carriage against movement n one direction and both holding it against. movement in both directions, a slide arranged below said carriage, means normally holding the slide in central position, means for moving the slide one step in either direction, a pair of spring pressed dogs carried by said slide and normally held from engagement with the carriage, movement of the slide serving to cause one of said dogs to rock into engagement with the carriage and means operated by the movement of the slide for withdrawing the latch which normally prevents movement of the carriage in the direction of movement of the slide.

6. In a calculating machine, a shiftable carriage, a slide carrying shifting dogs and reciprocable to either side of neutral position to engage one of said dogs with said carriage, and means for centering said slide in neutral position,

7. In a calculating machine, a counter, an accumulator arranged in d-isplaceable relation therewith, a plurality of orders of elements for controlling the entry of amounts into said accumulator, means for shifting said accumulator with respect to said elements to vary the decimal value of amounts entered into said accumulator under control of said elements, and a visible iridicator controlled by said accumulator shifting means and cooperating with said counter to indicate said decimal value.

8. In a calculating machine, a counter, an accumulator arranged in displaceable relation therewith, a plurality of orders of elements for controlling the entry of amounts into said accumulator, means for shifting said accumulator with respect to said elements to vary the decimal value of amoimts entered into said accumulator under control of said elements, and a visible indicator controlled by said accumulator shifting means to move into registering relation with wheels of said counter corresponding in decimal value with the decimal value of amounts to be entered into said accumulator as controlled by the relative positioning of said carriage and said elements.

9. In a calculating machine a frame comprising an apertured plate, a shiftable carriage mounted for longitudinal movement above said plate, and a pair of normally retracted carriage shifting pawls mounted in said frame and alternatively ejectable through said aperture to contact an shift said carriage.

CARL M. I". FRIDEN. 

